The Need for Social Accountability of Higher Education Institutions free essay sample

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS Abstract: The cultural responsibility to the Higher Education is exceptionally examined and the open commitments and budgetary assignments are brought to the light at each perspective of financial and individual strengthening. Regardless of whether this social duty stops with graduating people each year or does this objective to the necessities of network and the requirements of the business is a central issue to be replied. The huge jobs of Higher Education Institutions are progressively instrumental over social and monetary turn of events. Furthermore, the premise of accreditation of Higher Educational Institutions is quality, value, Relevance and Cost Effectiveness and the investigations of its elements of Education, Research and Service. Be that as it may, it ought to likewise consider the Social responsibility of the Institutions. The desires for people in general over the Higher Education Institutions doesn't stop with its preliminary job however as impetuses to empower the adolescent to address the present and future needs of human asset along with the character arrangement. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Need for Social Accountability of Higher Education Institutions or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The job of instructive foundations past building up the individual is additionally to distinguish the significance and need of the network and enterprises to lead youth towards practical improvement of social and monetary parts of a Nation. Much more as referenced by the UNESCO the social obligation of the Higher Educational Institutions is to play the expectant job of â€Å"Observatories and Think Tanks† so as to anticipate the future patterns through examination and hypothetical structures to foresee and control significant emergency on the planet. The Social Accountability of Higher Educational Institutions will legitimize the open speculation and the trust individuals have on the Higher Education. Mr. Christi Anandan M. S. W. , M. B. A. , Ph. d. Partner Professor, P. G. Exploration Department of Social Work, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Tirupattur †635 6013 Email: christi. [emailprotected] com Mobile: +91 9841721119

Projects Closure Free Essays

Shutting a Project Projects are by definition, impermanent undertaking with initiation and closure periods. Wysocki (2012) recognized undertaking conclusion as the fifth procedure bunch in PMLC where the last item got from the task is introduced to the customer as per determinations. The topic of â€Å"how all around did you do? † will be replied when customer endorses of the yield, resource/yield gets introduced, review tests post-execution status and a last report submitted. We will compose a custom paper test on Activities Closure or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The client’s acknowledgment of a venture deliverable is a significant achievement as it gets under way a key movement called â€Å"closure† which successfully finishes the undertaking life cycle. (Wysocki, 2012) likewise recognized shutting a procedure that includes the accompanying achievements: I. Getting customer acknowledgment ii. Guaranteeing that all expectations are introduced iii. Guaranteeing that documentation is set up iv. Getting customer approve the last report v. Directing post-usage review vi. Commending the achievement Customer Acceptance †As a key trigger for venture conclusion and a significant achievement to each PM, customer acknowledgment connotes that task yield meets details and in this way, finishes the â€Å"temporary endeavour† called venture. At this stage, the venture expectations are inspected and a decision is passed by the customer. This can be through a conventional acknowledgment test methodology (ATP) between the customer and the undertaking group where the venture group show key highlights of the task to affirm customers desires while the customer keeps an agenda to guarantee consistence with scope equirements. In NLNG venture conclusion methodology requires a careful client acknowledgment test (UAT) with the task backers and end/super-clients meeting the undertaking taking care of firm before a task is announced shut. Customer acknowledgment can likewise be casual for little ventures that require just datelines or a couple of expectations set up. A short hand-over se rvice or a correspondence to the customer by the PM is adequate. Most people group advancement extends in NLNG don't require a formal UAT. Establishment of Project Deliverables †After UAT venture yields/deliverable are introduced and a â€Å"go-live† is announced. Establishment of undertaking yields as indicated by Wysocki (2012, 314 †315) can adopt any of the four strategies viz; staged, cut-over, equal or by specialty unit. Staged establishment as the name suggests, takes a tiny bit at a time establishment of venture expectations in a particular request. Expansive re-association ventures are likely models here. Cut-out establishment replaces an old framework with another one after the new framework is tried in a test situation. Most redesign venture are introduced utilizing this methodology. Equal establishment requires the new expectations introduced while the old is as yet running. This is alluded to as â€Å"parallel run† in IT anticipates as it allows a similar investigation of the two frameworks. By-specialty unit establishment is the place venture expectations are spread around specialty units that may essentially be in one area. Venture documentation †Young (2010) noticed that venture documentation includes Project Closure Report, Post Implementation Review Report and information filing that will be utilized to quantify project’s achievement in term of results as characterized at the early arranging stage. Venture documentation serves to monitor the undertaking plans, records of appraisals of key task inputs, UAT exercises and how the progressions were overseen, difficulties and key learning focuses during venture usage and go-live. It additionally includes advancement of manuals for client preparing and different assets as might be required by the post go-live undertaking proprietors. Eventually, both customer and PMs have a job in what happens to extend documentation. While the PM guarantees that those archives serve to give road to surveying venture results, client’s comprehension of the record is especially significant during and post go-live undertaking stages. Last Report close down: †An away from of undertaking documentation following a UAT will realize another achievement in venture close called â€Å"sign-off† where the customer officially acknowledge expectations as introduced nearby all the important documentations. By this, the customer completely assumes liability of the task and since this is a post go-live circumstance, the customer acknowledges and close down the Project Closure Report which formalizes the conclusion of the venture. The report is be that as it may, generally arranged by the Project Manager and introduced to the customer or task backer for close down. Post-Implementation Audit †This comes minutes after go-live to distinguish if venture objectives have been accomplished since the new/changes venture goes ahead board. It asses key venture objectives set toward the start, terms and assets, incentive accomplished, key learning focuses and what works (or not worked) since go-live. It is a review since it is attempted so as to guarantee consistence with set goals. A post-usage review report is conveyed as narrative of the task history featuring key venture objectives and achievement factors, venture techniques, chance administration methodologies, customer fulfillment evaluation reports, and so on. The review report can serve to console venture proprietors of the advantages of the recently actualized undertaking or it features significant difficulties/exposures of the new framework. While the previous approves starting task targets, the later opens up roads for snappy intercession to moderate misfortunes and worth disintegration because of the new venture. Observing Success †Part of task close is a stately course of action to perceive that the undertaking has really finished. Most go-live exercises require expand festivities with keepsakes and adverts to proclaim the appearance of another venture. In NLNG, ventures go-live are commended with blessing/keepsakes, rewards and different motivations to extend colleagues and other applicable gatherings. Network advancement ventures have social moves and other nearby occasions to go with. Business Risks Associated with Skipping Project Close-out †Project close out is a fundamental piece of PMLC as it answers the â€Å"how all around did you do† question and hence skipping it presents noteworthy introduction to the task, however expansive business or government assistance goals of customer. Non-conclusion likewise impacts on the PMs assets and corporate notoriety. Key dangers related with non-conclusion of activities incorporate; ? Expanding inclination for non-execution of the whole venture or fizzled/part usage that wont be seen until a later period ? Nonattendance of customer acknowledgment test may hamper a legitimate UAT which regularly gives the road to tending to extend holes ? Ill-advised documentation will in the end influence ideal usage of undertaking expectations. Additionally, nonattendance of client manuals could trigger abuse of task yields and achieve repeating cost of support ? Nonappearance of venture establishment and hand-over uncovered the task falling into an inappropriate hands as no appropriate change the board has been set up. ? Absence of customer close down opens the two gatherings to break of agreement and cases while venture groups and backers may create ill will because of allegations, counter-allegations and habitual pettiness as undertaking dangers show. Absence of post-usage review may deny the customer the advantage of surveying venture destinations/focuses against genuine outcomes post go-live. This involves all the dangers natural in this new task are acclimatized and may not be effectively tended to. References 1. Youthful, M. L. (2010) PM Hut: A Complete Guide to Closing Projects. Accessible at: http://www. pmhut. com/a-total manual for shutting ventures (Accessed: twentieth April, 2013) 2. Wysocki, R. K. (2012) Effec tive undertaking the executives conventional, light-footed, extraordinary, fourth Edition. Wiley, Indianapolis. The most effective method to refer to Projects Closure, Papers

LETS PLAY

LET’S PLAY My high school didn’t have the broadest range of athletic options, so Ive always been excited about finding new rec’ stuff to try out in college. Besides, as in the good ol childhood times, it’s always fun to meet and get to know people by playing games. It’s no secret that MIT is not an athletic giant â€" for one, Briggs Field conspicuously lacks a shiny football stadium. Nevertheless, I was surprised to find MIT more “jock-y” than I expected. So many students play varsity sports, and discussions about various practices and games span classroom chatter and advising seminars. The general scheduling rule here is classes from 9-5, sports from 5-7, and other activities from 7-later. Students are dedicated. One of my suitemates is on the Varsity Field Hockey team and attends to a hockey-related event almost every day; for hours at a time. And its always refreshing to see people get up and leave during classes for athletic commitments. Even better, some of the highest-achieving teams here (like crew or sport taekwondo) are completely open to walk-ons and beginners. My impression is, there are plenty of chances to play if you’re willing to dedicate. But to get to the semi-main point of this entry: DODGEBALL! It might be kind of pathetic that I’ve never played dodgeball in my entire primary and secondary school P.E. career, but that’s what college is for right? So three weeks into MIT, intramurals were set up, teams were made, and schedules began popping up. I joined team tennis (I had played in high school) and dun dun dun â€" dodgeball! (because it’s both foreign to me and involves less running). Tennis has yet to start, but weve already completed three dodgeball games. Rewind a little bit- Intramurals (IM) here involve all different groups of people affiliated with MIT: fraternity brothers, graduate students, cultural or religious student organizations, dorms, etc. My team is called the Burton 1 All-Blacks (Yea, like that passionate New Zealand Rugby team, and well, we live on Burton 1 â€" the first floor of the Burton side of the Burton-Conner dorm. To live up to our name, we wear all black, and have a somewhat-prepared, sometimes-performed war dance. ‚ò? While Dodgeball is played in the Z-Center â€" a central fitness complex on West Campus â€" its exact location is very well concealed. After three flights of stairs and at least five double-doors, you will find MAC courts, a multi-purpose arena with basketball hoops and enclosed by 10-feet high transparent plastic walls. Burton 1 All Blacks on standby, waiting to go in the game; @ the super-exclusive MAC courts Dodgeball itself is a peculiar game. The concept is elementary, really â€" you either hit someone with a ball, or dodge a ball thrown at you, catch a ball to take out the thrower, or deflect a thrown ball with a ball to keep the game going. But regardless, everyone gets so into it! Bam! Bam! Bam! Auuuhhhhhhrrrrrahhhhghh! Come to think of it, dodgeball is really like recess. Considering the typical MIT day, when midnight really means mid-day, a 10 PM dodgeball game is the prime opportunity to undo all the stress and in-activity accumulated over a day or days. Yelling, jumping, falling, playing like little kids. And at the end of it all, we shake hands, cheer for the winning team, trek back to the dorm, and promptly disperse to rejoin our p-sets. Sweet. Here’s a quick video to visualize the mayhem. P.S. At 8:30 PM yesterday, I finished my first salad meal…ever! [Half-influenced by my salad-eating suitemates; half out of guilt for consuming pastries and whatnot for dinner the night before. Just had to share this. :)

Able Corporation Business Plan Report - 841 Words

The Strategic Plan of Able Limited a subsidiary company of Walden International details goals for the next ten years. The plan also encompasses the strategies to achieve our initiative of breaking and leading in the global market and measures by which we will evaluate our progress. This plan is created in consideration of all our stakeholders. The plan will be updated yearly which will enable us to give account of our achievements, need for modification on new mission requirements and how to improve on our performance measurement ways. Able Limited is a growth oriented company. The need for this strategic initiative is to formulate, implement and ramify our strategies on how to break into the global market and maintain a high†¦show more content†¦It will also include procurement of a head count of employees, material and media management through advertisement and partnership. It also pertains how to attain low cost and high volume production, level of employee involvement i n daily running of the activities of Aber Corporation. Furthermore it involves regular auditing of accounting books to minimize accounting errors, workforce training through seminars to keep them at par with dynamics in the global business world, diversification and portfolio planning and analysis of the political, economic, social and technological changes (Ernest, 2001). Tactical execution of the above strategies requires the following keys to success: provision of high quality work, paying great attention to professionalism in all business dealings, maintenance of a high managerial oversight and use of a highly competent workforce who are able to explain intricate business values to our clients. This is the most important part as it involves practicability of the stated objectives and our adaptability to laid down changes to be implemented. This includes optimal resource allocation, building on our strengths, resolving of various threats we are facing, pursuing of opportunities available in our scope and resolving our weaknesses through communication. The success measures or quality control management will entail reviewing of all our long-term and short-term forecasted objectives against how we have performed. We will alsoShow MoreRelatedStrategic Management Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: Able Corporation is a successful US manufacturing company located in Tennessee that builds power tools, lawn mowers, lawn furniture, microwaves, and ranges. All products are manufactured locally and sold through large retailers like Sears, Best Buy, and Wal-Mart. They have sale papers inserted in every Wednesday and Sunday paper. Although they have a thriving business in the US and Canada, Able is trying to break into the global marketplace. 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As President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn into office in 1901, he led America into action with forceful government solutions (â€Å"Online† 1). Roosevelt effectively regulated offending business giants by the formation of the Department of Commerce and Labor, the Bureau of Corporations, and antitrust lawsuits. Trusts were essentially agreements between businesses of any certain market to be anti-competitive in relation to one another. The problematic methods and techniques they usedRead MoreBuisness Plan757 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Plan April 1, 2011 ACC/220 Survey of Accounting: The Maze of Numbers The name of the Company shall be Triumph Trading Company to be located at 360 Maryland Drive, Amherst, NY, 14222. Our mission is to be the best and leading company in the country, making our goods timely available for our consumers. The company’s activities shall include the distribution and sales of industrial and domestic cleaning materials. The business structure of Triumph shall be corporation set up. The decisionRead MoreTaxation Case Study1065 Words   |  5 Pagesfund the business but I do not recommend doing so. Since you are over 59.5 years of age you will not have to pay a penalty for withdrawal however you will have to pay income taxes on the funds. Since you will be receiving a salary and potential bonus from the new corporation this could cause you to pay higher taxes. Also by withdrawing the funds it could reduce your retirement benefits for later when you look to actually retire. We can discuss retirement plans for the new corporation as well which

The End of Research Paper Format Outline

The End of Research Paper Format Outline MLA style, it usually means that you're expected to create the content look in a particular. To begin with, you should have an outline that will help you determine what precisely you'll be searching for. For a short and straightforward paper it might not be required to incorporate a contents page. You've produced the title page and main idea to date. Attempting to compose a research paper on a topic that doesn't have a lot of research on it's incredibly hard, so before you choose a topic, do a little preliminary searching and be certain you're have all the info you have to compose your paper. Most theories suggest that only very disturbed folks do horrible actions if they're ordered to achieve that. So, the one thing you must do is simply to organize information you've found and texts you have written for your research. Identify an issue or a discussion that you need to research on. Depth research is a huge deal. Research papers are a main portion of the educational procedure, and numerous instructors require students to supply an outline of their research paper before they actually. For your research paper example to be the very best, you will want to demonstrate that you fully grasp the topic and have fought hard regarding the type of things to investigate. A research paper that concerns scientific issues isn't just a free-style essay where you're able to tell readers whatever you desire. Definitions of Research Paper Format Outline Just like when employing a drafting paper template, you also have to make certain that your research paper is straightforward, detailed, and informational. A research paper is quite a serious type of academic writing. It is made up of six. It contains a study that usually starts with the creation of a research paper outline. Do not be scared to customize the research paper outline template in the event you would really like to. Irrespective of the character of your research, if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts, but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. It is an impossible task to compose a persuasive research paper without having and very clear outline. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Research Paper Format Outline Though many scientists are busy people they're often ready to spend a while supplying you with information. In the era of the net, it is getting increasingly important to make certain that your research are available, both on the net and on university intranet search facilities. The perfect place to begin your research is on the internet since it will offer you direct info. Identify the dependent and independent variables that you have to work with. With a very good outline, you find it possible to link up va rious diverse regions of your paper without repeating yourself. Any formatting style has a lot of advantages. Sometimes where an outline is necessary, there ought to be a distinctive method of formatting it. It is used to present. Whether you're writing a short or longer MLA research paper, there's always the demand for you to make an outline before you commence writing. Finding an excellent idea of the sort of keywords to put in your paper outline can help you focus and structure your essay. When you've already decided what topic you're going to be writing about, the following thing you ought to pay attention to is the reach of your paper or what you're going to be including in your discussion. Even if a particular research paper topic is getting a great deal of buzz at the moment or other individuals seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic if you don't genuinely have some kind of interest in it also. The Downside Risk of Research Pape r Format Outline Academic writing must have a particular format. Papers in MLA format stipulates a procedure for documentation. The MLA research paper outline template is merely one of the well-known formats to be used in academic writing. It is one of the widely used formats to be used in academic writing. Top Research Paper Format Outline Secrets There are some tips on how to compose your abstract but the very best advice is that you look at some journals related to your research and attempt to format your abstract in a similar way. The subject of your paper and the selected literature ought to be adjacent. There are lots of sites where it is possible to discover excellent research paper topics if your teacher doesn't assign a particular subject. Relevant journals you've been reading are also a great guide. Obviously, there are loads of benefits of utilizing an outline. How to structure the outline is unquestionably a matter of private opinion. Since you are going to le arn from looking through any great research paper example, writing an excellent paper involves so far more than simply throwing a whole lot of text and citations into a word processor and hoping for the very best. Our research paper outline templates will allow you to save tons of time and money. Correct all errors you can spot and enhance the general caliber of the paper to the best of your ability. It's useless to begin working on a thesis unless you previously have a all-inclusive structure or outline. If you become confused about any portion of your outline, you always have the option to show what you've done so far to your tutor as a way to find expert advice from him. As the title of the writing implies you must conduct the research in the certain region of knowledge.

Does the Environment matter to Sociology Free Essays

Sociology is described as ‘the systematic study of human society’ (Macionis and Plummer 2005:4). Because of this, it is unlikely that ‘the environment’ is one of the key topics that sociologists naturally think of as part of their studies. Indeed environmental issues seem far removed from what is still largely the staple fare of sociology courses. We will write a custom essay sample on Does the Environment matter to Sociology? or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘What have species loss, acid rain or ozone depletion to do with the mainstream social theory or key disciplinary concepts such as class, power and inequality? (Alan Irwin 2001:8) Until recently a sociologist would answer ‘nothing’ but since the emergence of modernity there has been a shift in sociological thinking towards globalisation. According to David Held, this is ‘the widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnectedness’. More generally, it is known as a recent cultural and economical era that centres on universalism, homogeneity and progress. Undoubtedly globalisation is having a profound effect on the world but its specific effect on the environment has become a major topic across all of the social sciences. Until now sociology never included the environment but as environmental degradation increases affecting world population, cultures and lifestyles, awareness of the environment has now become necessary. ‘Environmental degradation is no longer a peripheral concern of the social sciences†¦. it is an unavoidable and pressing reality. ‘ (David Goldblatt, 1996:5) Substantial references to the environment are generally limited within classical sociology. Primarily, sociologists have focused on the evolution of social interaction and cultural change. In the first half of the 19th century both Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer considered sociology to be epistemologically and ontologically dependent on, or subordinate to, biology. Comte drew on biological analogies and metaphors of form and function and to explore the interrelationship of individuals and institutions in modern society (David Goldblatt, 1996:2). Spencer’s work was the first of many attempts to marry Darwinian models of evolution, selection and change to social development. The work of the classical political economists, also directly examined the relationship between the natural environment and the human economic prospect. Classically, Thomas Malthus inquired into the social consequences of rapid population growth in the context of limited environmental resources with which to feed that population. By the end of the 19th century however, the pace of western industrialisation exploded and population growth continued unabated. All sociological and economical predictions were proved redundant. From this point of view it is perhaps no surprise that social thinkers bypassed further attempts to engage with the social and economic origins and consequences of environmental change, they didn’t want to be proved wrong. When looking at the classical trinity of Weber, Durkheim and Marx there is no marked difference. According to Goldblatt (1996:3), ‘Weber’s work conducts the most limited engagement with the natural world. There are some reflections on the environmental origins and implications of nomadism in his study of Judaism. Yet his historical investigations†¦ ielded little direct study of the historical impact and social implications of differing natural environments. ‘ Throughout his work Weber’s theoretical reflections on the environment go little further than a few brief paragraphs in ‘Economy and Society’, ‘in all the sciences of human action, account must be taken of processes and phenomena which are devoid of subj ective meaning†¦. favouring or hindering circumstances. ‘ In other words non-human, unintended processes, such as climate or water-levels, are of significance if they affect human action. However, Marx and Durkheim are more appropriate. In taking population density and its relationship with material resources to be the driving force behind the evolution of human societies, Durkheim made the natural world a decisive causal factor in human history. Similarly Marx placed the economic interface of human societies and the natural world at the centre of historical change. By contrast, Weber never gave demographics a central causal role in history, he defined action by reference to the ideal type of purposive rational action. In his opinion, the relationship between means and ends was more significant than the ontological relation between human subject and natural object. (Goldblatt 1996:4) Yet clearly, the works of Marx and Durkheim are of limited use to environmental sociology. The primary ecological issue for classical social theory was not the origins of contemporary environmental degradation, but how premodern societies had been held in check by their natural environments, and how it was that modern societies had come to surpass those limits or had separated themselves in some sense from their ‘natural’ origins. Yet it is possible to defend the classical thinkers, modern societies were unconstrained by natural limits and at the height of capitalism and industrialisation, it did not seem that economic growth would prove to be environmentally problematic in any way. From this point of view it is only since the advent of the modern era and particularly the onset of globalisation, that the environment has begun to be examined in a sociological sense. This is done in two main ways. Most obviously, social life is increasingly generating environmental problems leading to degradation. The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have dramatically risen since the invention of industry. Natural resources such as the fossil fuels are burnt in gigantic quantities releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which in turn contributes to global warming and climatic change. Similarly the use of CFCs in refrigerators and aerosols has resulted in the depletion of the ozone layer which allows harmful UV rays from the sun to enter our atmosphere. Deforestation has also resulted in soil degradation and a loss of rainforest habitat which in turn has caused a global loss of natural animal habitat resulting in the extinction of over 10,000 different animal species. However, these environmental problems are not universally distributed and many sociologists argue that the serious environmental consequences flow from the global disparity of wealth and power, exasperated by globalisation. For example, the richest 20% of the world’s population account for around 90% of the world’s motor vehicles which are the primary cause of carbon emissions. Yet the world as a whole will suffer from global climate change. Similarly ‘the members of all high-income societies represent 20% of humanity but utilise 80% of all energy produced. ‘ (Connet, 1991) The causes of environmental degradation are distinctly uneven but the effects look to be even more so. As shown, the richest, most developed countries have contributed most to environmental degradation but studies have shown that the poor developing countries will be most affected. Global warming and climate change will result in the increase of floods, storms and harvest failures, and these will always most affect those living closest to their means of subsistence. One study predicts a decline in harvests of 30% in India and Pakistan by 2050. Similarly over 90% of global deaths from air pollution occur in the developing world where medical advances are far behind those of the developed world. As the world has become more aware of the effects that technology has had on the environment, rich, developed nations have had the capital to find alternative resources or to find cures to treat the medical conditions caused by environmental degradation but the poorer countries will have to suffer. Agricultural degradation and desertification is currently severest in Asia and Africa who rely most upon this primary industry and will become unable to diversify from lack of capital. Sociologists look to examine this highly uneven social stratification. Population is also an environmental matter that sociologists have begun to look closely at. Since 1960 the world’s population has increased by over 75% to around 6 billion and most of the current increases derive from the less-developed countries. The problem lies with the question of consumption. By 2050 the global population is expected to have reached 8. 5 billion people, all living with ‘western-style’ consumption. This is unsustainable, and this raises the question of social lifestyles. To curb the growth rate people will have to change their lifestyles. However, it is unrealistic to assume that people will conform to legislation that changes the way they live. Until now, social and political thought never included the environment, it was always assumed that it would continue to be able to sustain human lifestyles but this has changed. It looks to sociologists to suggest solutions Traditionally the environment did not matter to sociology, it was barely spoken about by the classical thinkers but the degradation of the environment has become a sociological issue, indirectly because of globalisation. The global homogeneity of western style industrialisation and production resulted in large-scale pollution which is now out of control. It has reached a stage where consumption outweighs production and humans are unable to look to the traditional optimistic views supported by all the classical, modernist thinkers. This believed that human technological innovations would always be able to be relied upon to support population growth. This is now impossible, the answer is no longer down to ‘science’ but down to values that people must choose. Sociologically this now raises questions of inequality. Both the causes and solutions of environmental degradation were initiated by western policies and the particular solutions do not suit everyone. Recently many less developed nations have refused to curb industrial emissions as they feel it is their turn to develop according to the pattern that the western world first started. At the same time, the existing developed countries fear the suggested environmental solutions as they fear the economical repercussions that a reduction of emissions, and therefore industry, will cause. Sociologists now look to examine the possibilities of adhering to the lifestyle change that environmental policy will now cause. How to cite Does the Environment matter to Sociology?, Papers

You Won’t Believe What These HS Students Overheard On A College Tour

The college tour is very much part of the college application process. For many applicants, its the determining factor on whether they should apply, or whether they should attend. Each campus tour is filled with different types of students from all over the world. This makes for the perfect awkward scenario, where you’re bound to overhear some weird interactions†¦ These are the best responses we got from our users this week:Senior from Fossil Ridge High School: Is peeing on the statue a real tradition? Senior from Senath-Hornersville High School: I heard someones parents tell them I dont care if you get Ds, as long as you pass. Nobody cares about grades when you play sports. Sophomore from Haines City High School IB: One time on a college tour I heard a mom ask if she could move in with her son to be his college roommate. She was being totally serious.Senior from High School for Health Professions and Human Services:Are there good-looking professors? Junior from Franklin High School:This is the CVS that we hid in because we were almost kidnapped but its a really safe school dont worry. For next week, we want to know what’s the strangest thing you’ve heard on a college tour! Let us know in thissurveyfor a chance to be featured and win a $10 Amazon Gift Card.

SZABO Surname Meaning and Origin

SZABO Surname Meaning and Origin Szabà ³ is a common Hungarian occupational surname meaning tailor, or one who cuts or metes out. Surname Origin:  Hungarian Alternate Surname Spellings:  SABO, ZABO Fun Fact About the Szabo Surname Up until about the 17th century, Zabo was the most common spelling of the Szabo surname. Famous People With the Surname SZABO Laszlo Szabo - Hungarian chess grandmasterViolette Szabo (nee Bushnell) - decorated WWII female spyEcaterina Szabo - Romanian Olympic gymnastZachariah Szabo - American figure skaterDezsÅ‘ Szabà ³ - Hungarian writer Where Do People With the SZABO Surname Live? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, the  Szabo surname is by far the most prevalent in Hungary, where it ranks 3rd in the nation. It is also common in Slovakia, ranking 8th, followed by Romania (139th) and Austria (212th). Data from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  also identifies Szabà ³ as most prevalent in Hungary, by far, particularly in the Pest region. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SZABO Szabo Surname ProjectLearn about the Szabo DNA Surname Project at Family Tree DNA. Szabo Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Szabo family crest or coat of arms for the Szabo surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. SZABO Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Szabo ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - SZABO GenealogyAccess over 1.9 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Szabo surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. SZABO Surname Mailing ListThis free RootsWeb mailing list for researchers of the Szabo surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages. The Szabo Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Szabo from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

5 Free Assessment Apps for Teachers

5 Free Assessment Apps for Teachers Teachers are always looking for new ways to assess their students work. Regardless of what curriculum you teach, assessment is something that teachers must do every day, even informally. Thanks to the latest in mobile technology, assessing students work has never been easier! Top 5 Assessment Apps Here are the top 5 assessment apps that will assist you in observing and assessing your students. Nearpod The Nearpod app is a must-have application if your school has access to a set of iPads. This assessment app has been used by over 1,000,000 students was awarded the Edtech Digest Award in 2012. The best feature of Nearpod is that it allows teachers to manage content on their students devices. Heres how it works: First the teacher shares content with their students, through materials, lecture and/or presentation. This content is then received by the students on their devices, and they are able to participate in activities. Then teachers are able to access students n real time by seeing the students answers and having access to post-session activity reports. This is by far one of the best assessment apps out on the market today. A Spelling Tests The A Spelling Tests app is a must-have for all elementary classrooms. Students can practice their spelling words, while teachers can track how they are doing. By each spelling test, students and teachers can see their results. Other great features include the ability to instantly see if you are right or wrong, unscramble mode to help sharpen spelling skills, and the ability to submit tests through email. GoClass App The GoClass app is a free iPad application that allows users to create lessons and share them with their students. Documents can be broadcasted through student devices and/or by projector or TV. GoClass allows users to formulate questions, draw diagrams, and share materials with students in the class. Teachers can also keep track of what students are using which lessons, and when they are using them. To check for student understanding, the teacher can post a question or poll and get immediate feedback. This will help the instructor tailor his/her lessons to make sure all students are understanding the concept that is being taught. Teacher Clicker If youre looking for a way to engage students while getting results in real time, then Socrative made this mobile app for you. Not only does this app save you time, but it will grade your activities for you! Some features include the ability to: ask open-ended questions and get real-time answers, create a quick quiz and receive a report with the quiz graded for you, have students play a fast-paced space race game where they answer multiple choice questions and you receive a report of their graded answers. There is a separate app called Student Clicker that must be downloaded for students tablets. MyClassTalk MyClassTalk was designed to assess students participation in the classroom. With just a tap of your finger, you can easily award points and rank students class participation. Users can even upload students photographs for an even better visual. Forget about writing names on the board for not participating, this easy-to-use app is all you need. Additional Assessment Apps Worth Mentioning Here are a few more assessment apps that are worth checking out: Edmodo - This is a great app for assigning quizzes and collecting homework.ClassDojo - If youre looking to assess student behavior this is a great app.Easy Assessment - Rubric Creation - This costs $1.99 but you can easily create a rubric in two steps.

Choose a country, which underwent a recession, and where fiscal and Essay

Choose a country, which underwent a recession, and where fiscal and monetary policies were used to overcome the recession - Essay Example It is said to be integral in a free trade economy. The United Kingdom recession of 1981 was a result of the monetary strength which in turn affected manufacturing and by the government’s policy to reduce its past inflation of 27%; they enforced a stringent monetary policy by impeding their borrowing. Taxes were increased and the consumer’s purchasing power was diminished resulting to a downfall in spending. After a decade, in 1991 a ‘boom and bust’ of the UK economy ensued. Growth was seen at rapid growth that became unsustainable that inflation rose to 10%. Again, government set in and imposed interest rates to halt the people’s spending. These interests had a domino effect as it affected mortgage consequential to foreclosure of housing loans or sell thereof (EconomicsHelp, n.p.). Recession is a phase of the business cycle usually following a peak. It is a period characterized by a decline in the total output, income, employment and trade. This econ omic downturn is also marked by the widespread contraction of business activity in many sectors of the economy. But because many prices are downwardly inflexible, the general price level is more likely to fall only if the recession is severe and prolonged. If an economy fails to recover from a recession, then a depression occurs (McConnell and Brue, 134). The economy of the United Kingdom is no exception for these economic recessions as they already experienced and recovered from recessions several times. What is apparent in today’s economy is that it has a global characteristic which has a worldwide effect among interdependent countries. Many believe that a plummet in Real GDP will ultimately affect employment. In the Great Depression of the 1930s which included the UK, the famous economist Keynes debunked this concept and contended that negative output over a period will not necessarily clear out on its own as was regarded by the notion of the self-correcting aspect of a fr ee economy. He cited that there are four reasons for this; first, â€Å"Firms should cut wages to reflect lower prices but in reality workers are very resistant to cuts in nominal wages,† second, â€Å"2. If wages were cut in response to unemployment workers would have less spending power therefore AD would continue to fall,† and third, â€Å"In a recession people have low confidence and therefore spend less. Keynes said this was the â€Å"Paradox of Thrift† (EconomicsHelp, n.p.). In typical years, gross investment or all the country’s investment goods - both that replace machinery, equipment, and buildings that were used up or worn out or just made obsolete in producing the current year’s output and any net additions to the economy’s stock of capital exceeds depreciation or the amount used up over the course of a year (McConnell and Brue, 116). During these years, the net investment is positive and there will a recorded rise in nation†™s stock of capital. However, if gross investment is less than depreciation, net investment will be negative. This means that the economy is disinvesting because it is using up more capital than it is producing. When this happens, the nation’s stock of capital will shrink. When capital shrinks, the economic activities will also decline or slow down. This is what happened in the Great Depression of 1930s and its effects were felt by all countries across the world. Banks play important role in an economy. They act as intermediary between the producing and the consuming units. Banks take in leakages in

MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS (Paragon Software Ltd) Assignment

MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS (Paragon Software Ltd) - Assignment Example The report will also explore the other marketing communication tools that can be used together with exhibition to promote the sales. Marketing communication can be described as the process which attempts to advance the interests of the company, product range or the brand. It comprises of the following elements; personal selling, sales promotion, advertising, public relations, and direct marketing. The main purpose of marketing communication is to persuade the customer (Kimmel 2005, p1). Exhibitions are very vital elements in the marketing communication strategies. These exhibitions have advantages and disadvantages. Exhibitions assist the organization to create relationships with the stakeholders on the basis of meeting face to face. There are varied reasons as to the use of exhibitions in an organization. Exhibitions come in three forms and each form aims at a certain group within the market; the consumer, the trade and both the trade and the consumer. The last category (exhibitions aimed at both the consumer and the trade) is the most common form of exhibition. Majority of the exhibitions begin as a trade exhibition and after a week or so, they become open to the public. A fee is paid by the public for entry into the exhibition. The fee is a source of revenue for the company. Most of the times, the products in the exhibition are of little or no interest to the public, thus, they may not purchase the products (Lancaster n.d., p1). Exhibitions can produce sales lead for the company. Immediate sales are achievable because the buyer comes to the trade fairs. New contacts of a business nature are made with the customers and even with the competitors. Positive media coverage is enjoyed by the organization through exhibition (Donaldson and Smit 2007, p86). Exhibitions at times are considered as a promotional activity. Exhibitions are encompassed within the trade shows and trade fairs. These trade shows perform two functions; non-selling and selling

New Potential Class of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

New Potential Class of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts Intro Since their discovery, a debate has been sparked over the classification of a new potential class of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRB) that possess ultra-long durations lasting at least 1000s, along with distinctly different x-ray and optical light curves to regular gamma-ray bursts (GRB) (Levan 2014). The search for members of the ultra-long gamma-ray burst (ULGRB) population is currently gaining traction, with some suggesting they may be commonly occurring despite difficulties detecting them (levan 2014) and that their origins may be uniquely different from regular LGRBs (Boer 2015). It is thought that ULGRBs are produced by stars of very large radii evolving into an engine driven super-luminous supernova (SLSN), rather than an envelope stripped compact Wolf-Rayet star which is commonly accepted as a progenitor for LGRBs (levan 2014), however, the connection between SN signatures and ULGRBs is an ambiguous one. More recent work has been centred on exploring this partially vague connection, attempting to refine models explaining an engine driven SLSN, the nature of their progenitors and the host galaxy properties (bersten, kann, japlj, gao). The focus of this work is on two papers in this area of astrophysics: A very luminous magnetar-powered supernova associated with an ultra-long gamma-ray burst, (Greiner) and The Diversity of Transients from Magnetar Birth, (Metzger). The former details the discovery and observational analysis of SN2011k, preceded by GRB111209A, and postulates a magnetar origin, whereas the latter acknowledges the ULGB-SLSN connection and builds a thorough model of magnetar formation in order to explain it. A very luminous magnetar-powered supernova associated with an ultra-long gamma-ray burst Summary The work performed by (greiner) at first focuses on observational data of GRB111209A taken with GROND, a 7-channel imager specifically designed for rapid observations of GRB afterglows that performs simultaneous imaging in the Sloan grIz and near infra-red JHK bands. Use of the GROND imager gives the authors the ability to calculate multiple properties of the GRB, such as photometric redshift, the intrinsic power law slope of the continuum emission, and the galactic host emission, which can all be done in a short window and   monitored as the GRB afterglow evolves (greiner 2008). z΄ GROND was used on 16 epochs with logarithmic temporal spacing until 72 days after the GRB was detected by the Swift satellite on December 9 2011; however, readings were interrupted by the Sun until 280 days after detection when a final epoch for host photometry was obtained. There is also inclusion of supplementary observations of the GRB afterglow: u-band observations from Swift with applied UVOT photometry; HST F336W/F125W data from 11.1 and 35.1 days after the GRB, respectively; two epochs of VLT(X-shooter)/FORS2 g΄RCi΄z΄ data during the SN phase; a late-time Gemini-S u΄-band observation 198 days after the GRB. Data tables for all GROND and Swift data can be found in Appendix A. GRB111209A was measured to last ~10,000s at a redshift of z=0.677, and to have an equivalent isotropic energy output of Eiso = (5.7à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.7)à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´1053 erg which is among the brightest of LGRBs. After analysis of the VLT/X-shooter spectrum, obtained near the peak of excess emission and detailed below, (greiner) deduces this emission to be caused by a SN, dubbed SN2011k1, because of similarities in spectral shape to known GRB-SNe and development in time and colour. Decomposition of the GRB afterglow is shown in figure 1 which displays data from GROND and other instruments. Since the authors accurately determined the host galaxy emission, they were able to subtract it from the GRB afterglow. The optical light curve displays a deviation from its initial power law decay, remaining flat for around 15 days, before decaying again. They also plot the light curve in the u-band showing a steeper decay slope >10 days where the initial slope is a1.. and the second a2 Since there is no contribution from the associated SN in the u-band, they explain that they can build a template for the pure afterglow contribution from the SN. The authors construct a quasi-bolometric light curve for the SN from GROND and supplementary data by first extinction-correcting filter band with Avà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, galactic foreground, and Avhostà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which was derived from the GRB afterglow spectral energy distribution, then secondly deriving quadratic polynomials for sets of 3 consecutive filters, which were combined to form the light curve.   They then integrate the polynomials over rest-frame wavelength from 3860/(1+z) Ã… to 13560/(1+z) Ã…, corresponding to the blue limit of the g-band filter to the red limit of the J filter, and used k-correction computed from the spectral energy distribution. Finally, they transformed the integrated flux into luminosity (figure 2), employing a luminosity distance of d=4080 Mpc, using concordance cosmology (à ¯Ã‚ -à ¯Ã‚ Ã…’=0.73, à ¯Ã‚ -m=0.27, and H0=71 km sà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­1 Mpcà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­1) Using data from the VLT/X-shooter spectrum, which is the sum of light from the GRB afterglow, the GRB host galaxy, and the supernova SN 2011kl and taken near the SN peak, (greiner) again subtracts the GRB and host contributions followed by rest-frame conversion and correction for intrinsic reddening of E(Bà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­V)=0.04à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.01 mag. They use this data, shown in figure 3, to draw similarities between SN2011k1 and SLSN, noting that its flat shape and high UV flux is clearly different from the brightest known GRB-SNe. When comparing this spectrum (figure 3) to the GRB afterglow, they find that there is no change in absorption lines or redshift and that they are similar to those found in hosts of LGRBs, thus relating SN2011k1 to the same galaxy as GRB111209A. Also mentioned in this comparison is that there is no offset between the GRB afterglow and SN images, which the authors say implies the events are co-spatial to within Spectral analysis of SN2011k1 reveals very low metal content and lack of H or He, unlike typical SNe Ic associated with LGRBs, therefore, (greiner) apply parameterized SN light curve fits to derive an ejecta mass Mej = 3à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1 Mà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â€ž ¢ and a 56Ni mass of 1.0à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.1 Mà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â€ž ¢ for photospheric velocity vph = 20,000 km/s, and a grey opacity of 0.07à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.01 cm2 gà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­1. The high Ni/Mej ratio is reported to be incompatible with the spectrum (figure 3) and thus the authors seek an alternative explanation for the luminosity source. The likeness of SN2011k1 to SLSNe, its host galaxy properties, low metal abundance, improbable Ni powered luminosity and association with GRB111209A lead to the authors to suggest a magnetar origin for this event, stating that post-birth from the collapse of a massive star it powers the surrounding ejecta for a super-luminous effect. This hypothesis is evidenced by reproducing the SN spectrum via sampling of   magnetar initial spin period Pi, magnetic dipole field strength B, Mej and rotational energy Ek. Best fits to the data found P=12.2à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±0.3 ms and B=7.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±1.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´1014 G for observed short tpeak (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¾14 rest-frame days) and moderate peak luminosity, as well as Mej=2.4 ±0.7 Mà ¢Ã…  Ã¢â€ž ¢ and energy EK=(5.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ±3.3)à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´1051 erg. Importance and Implications The significance of this paper arises from its robust analysis of the GRB111209A afterglow and SN2011k1 using multiple datasets on top of their own data, collected with GROND. It is clear that the development (g2008) and implementation of this instrument is extraordinarily useful in this area of observational astrophysics due to its multiple measurement taking capabilities. Without this device, it is unlikely the authors could have developed their results as well as they have done, despite much of their comparison data coming from other sources, such as the ESO VLT/X-shooter. On the note of observational data analysis, there are a few important points to consider underneath the various statistical methods and rebinning mentioned in this paper. It is explained that the SN light curve error depends on the decay slope a2 remaining constant after the last afterglow measurement before onset of the SN, and since the GRB light curve is observed to steepen, the authors claim their SN luminosity measurement of 2.8+1.2-1.0 x 1043 erg/s is in fact a lower limit. They also explain that they lack any near-infrared measurements for SN2011k1, acknowledging that the bolometric peak luminosity could be underestimated by 5%-30%. A crucial achievement from this paper is that a SN with such high bolometric peak luminosity was detected, not only within the same host galaxy, but to within Evidently the authors are confident that neither the GRB is caused by a tidal disruption event, or that the unusual SN spectrum and luminosity is caused by 56Ni brightening and hence distancing it from SNIc. The former is explained by the lack of ejecta and fall back accretion time being too short to produce an ULGRB, and the latter simply by the overly large amount of 56Ni needed to reproduce the spectrum of SN2011k1. Formation and subsequent accretion of matter on a black hole is also rejected, leaving the authors to suggest the birth of a magnetar as the cause, and as seen in fig 2 their model reproduces the quasi-bolometric spectrum of SN2011k1 rather well without invoking any 56Ni interaction. Critical Assessment This paper is difficult to follow for a number of reasons. The layout is most unusual for a scientific report; it presents the abstract, which is well written and informative, then without a section heading proceeds to give a few paragraphs summarising their observational findings, with some values then absent in crucial places throughout the remainder of the work. These paragraphs are followed by a qualitative description of their interpretations for an origin of GRB111209A and SN2011k1 and their modelling of magnetar SN enhancement, in attempt to draw connections. At the end of this section, they suggest that the events could have been caused by formation of a magnetar which then lives on to power SN2011k1, and up to this point they make a good argument. The problem with this argument is that it is devoid of any mathematical content, and all the data provided is in the three graphs included in this work or essentially contained in references to other papers, making it difficult to decipher which parts (greiner) did themselves, or how they did it. The captions for each figure are also all on separate pages to the figures, located after the end of the untitled section and a collection of references. Beyond this point is a Methods section with seven 7 subsections, each with their own title and even some supplementary data to explain the origin of their work. Unfortunately, this part of the paper feels cyclical and can often feel at odds with methods they had already discussed. For example, they talk about subtracting the host galaxy emission from most of the light curves, but at multiple points in between mention they firstly have to build a template for the emission, which is detailed in a later section to be constructed from GROND data and using LePHARE . Again, there is a complete lack of mathematical clarity on their methods, however, it appears that the majority is all computational statistics performed on their copious data sources or modelling techniques. Even when discussing the origin for their magnetar properties, they give a simple qualitative explanation which should probably have been accompanied by some mathematics. When all of this is put together, it makes for an excruciatingly difficult read. There are inconsistencies everywhere in its presentation and in some comments of the work, making one wonder why they would read it again. Despite (greiner) providing some outstanding results and performing brilliant analysis on the afterglow of GRB2011k1 and spectrum of SN2011k1, the details of their work is lost to disorganisation. The Diversity of Transients from Magnetar Birth Summary This paper takes an approach to modelling physical properties of highly magnetized, millisecond rotational neutron stars, known as magnetars, in order to unify ULGRBs and SLSNe in a common framework. The authors intend to show that under their model, both of these events can be explained individually with a magnetar central engine and simultaneously via magnetar formation, as well as stating that the transition from ULGRBs to SLSNe is a natural consequence of the model. They focus on the observations of GRB111209A and SN2011k1 as a benchmark since the pair were found to be closely associated events, whilst also including various observational signatures of magnetar formation. Also discussed is the SLSN, ASASSN-15lh, which has the highest recorded peak luminosity of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (very recently it has been suggested to be a tidal disruption event (leloudas)). This event challenges the magnetar central engine model because of its extreme energy peaks, however, the authors go on to sh ow that the maximum energy output from magnetars was previously underestimated and hence fit ASASSN-15lh within their model. The proto-magnetar spin-down energetics used in the model were given as follows: firstly, the rotational energy of a magnetar with mass is where is the NS moment of inertia and is the rotational period. The rate which the NS loses rotational energy for an aligned force-free wind is given by is the spin-down luminosity, the NS magnetic dipole moment and is the surface equatorial dipole field, with a radius 12 km and is the initial spin-down time. The authors note that, although the correction is minor for ULGRBs, the spin-down luminosity given in equation eqref{2} is exceeded for a few seconds after core bounce due to neutrino-heated wind. (Metzger) secondly consider the constraints on the GRB jet collimation and how the NS properties described by the above equations can be translated to derive opening angle conditions for observed peak luminosity. Though a stable jet may be formed, it may not cleanly escape the star over time, tsd, of peak spin-down power. This is because there is uncertainty over whether the strong toroidal magnetic field in the nebula, separating the magnetar wind from the surrounding star, remains stable in the case of non-asymmetric instabilities. It is required, for a jet of luminosity Lj and half opening angle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, that tesc Where (Metzger) assume Erot=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ since the kinetic energy of the explosion is dominated by the magnetar rotational energy. A cleanly escaping jet will then have a peak spin-down luminosity of Lj=.., implying that the observed isotropic gamma-ray luminosity is Liso=.., where e= is the radiative efficiency and fb=.. the beaming fraction. The authors state that, assuming the propagation time through the star is negligible, we can expect the GRB duration, Ty, to be such that Ty=.. Lastly, the authors describe how SN mass ejecta, Mej, thermalizes over time through adiabatic expansion and 56Ni decay (the standard process for type Ic SNe), which is enhanced by input from the NS to super-luminous levels. The thermal energy E evolution over time t as the ejecta expands is given by For an initial kinetic energy of Eokà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , where the LHS accounts for PdV losses, vej=.. is the ejecta velocity and rej the mean radius. Conservation of energy requires that the kinetic energy Ek=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ increases due to the work done from PdV, thus dEk=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Lsn=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the radiated luminosity, where td=.. is the photon diffusion timescale, with k=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the optical opacity which is set by electron scattering and Doppler broadening lines. Lni=à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the rate of heating due to 56Ni decay where Mni is the 56Ni mass. The final term is the energy input from the magnetar which is assumed to thermalize the ejecta with unity efficiency.

The Presentation of Self in Everyday

In his book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Erving Goffman compares life to acting. He argues that â€Å"when the individual is in the immediate presence of others, his activity will have a promissory character† (Goffman 2). I think it is ironic because I always thought that movies or theaters have always tried to imitate reality and not the other way around. In order to clearly show his analogy, Goffman presents elements of acting such as the front. We are all familiar with the term front act.† In Goffman’s opinion, people are all playing an act. This is such a bold claim to make because he is saying that we are all just performing and not being our real selves, though there are some truths to his claim. What is confusing is when do we really act, or when do we be ourselves? Most of us would not acknowledge his belief that we are playing a character, but then again, the person that denies this may also just be playing a role, and so the question remai ns unanswered.One idea of Goffman that caught my attention is his theory that people cooperate in an act to cover, say, something embarrassing. I have experienced it myself—I would pretend that I have not witnessed someone undergo an embarrassing moment, although unconsciously, I was not trying to make that person feel the embarrassment more, but rather, I was just trying not to be mean.It did not occur to me that by pretending (and therefore joining in the scene, or rather excluding myself from the scene) not to see the embarrassing act, I have helped in saving that person’s face. What follows is an array of lectures, as it were, like that of a professor teaching a theater or film student, only that his lectures are philosophical and are related to our everyday lives. After reading Goffman’s work, I found myself smiling because of the truths in his analogies that never crossed my mind before.

Example Of The Medicaid Benefits - 1046 Words

They are expected to pay a portion of their health care costs. Keep in mind though that these are elderly and disabled citizens, usually on fixed and very limited incomes. These Medicare members will always more than qualify for Medicaid benefits. The Medicaid program differs by state. There are dozens of ways to qualify for this state and federally funded health insurance program. There are Medicaid programs for the low-income, disabled, elderly, children, and long-term care. â€Å"Since its inception in 1965, the Medicaid program has evolved to become the largest single source of health coverage in the United States† (Crowley Golden, 2014). From its beginnings the goal of single payer health care is on a slow roll for all citizens. Some†¦show more content†¦Private Insurance Private insurance is a way to help mitigate the rising cost of health care in the US. Health care and health insurance get used interchangeably in the US but they are vastly different. Pri vate insurance is generally paid by a combination of employer and employee contributions. This helps reduce the impact of the cost of health care for those who have it. The analogy that researchers use is that the stereotype is that a privately held hospital will assist you much better because they have the money to do so. A nonprofit hospital will be less beneficial in treating patients because they lack the equipment and staff to do so. This article argues that nonprofit organizations can be inferior to for profit, even if markets are incomplete. This is beneficial to the paper because it will show the structure financially what privately and non- profit hospitals must offer (Kessler, McClellan, 2002). The profit that private insurance creates supports the economy and continues to help invocation in treatments. However private insurance does not cover all of the cost of health care. Research shows that â€Å"US adults’ exposure to costs results from insurance benefit gaps as well as a high percentage of adults without insurance. Adults who had been insured the entire previous year were about as likely to spend US$1,000 or more as were those who had been uninsured. Among US adults under age sixty-five, 38 percent ofShow MoreRelatedThe Oregon Health Services Commission1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe Oregon Health Services Commission addressed budget cuts in 1990 by proposing a list of Medicaid services. The list was ranked by priority, based on a cost-effectiveness analysis. Access to particular services became limited, but coverage was increased from 67% to 100% of the poverty line1. Much protest broke out in regards to how the treatments were prioritized on the list. 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Famous Female Chemists and Chemical Engineers

Women have made many important contributions to the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering. Heres a list of female scientists and a summary of the research or inventions that made them famous. Jacqueline Barton - (USA, born 1952) Jacqueline Barton probes DNA with electrons. She uses custom-made molecules to locate genes and study their arrangement. She has shown that some damaged DNA molecules do not conduct electricity. Ruth Benerito - (USA, born 1916) Ruth Benerito invented wash-and-wear cotton fabric. Chemical treatment of the cotton surface not only reduced wrinkles, but could be used to make it flame resistant and stain resistant. Ruth Erica Benesch - (1925-2000) Ruth Benesch and her husband Reinhold made a discovery that helped explain how hemoglobin releases oxygen in the body. They learned that carbon dioxide functions as an indicator molecule, causing hemoglobin to release oxygen where carbon dioxide concentrations are high. Joan Berkowitz - (USA, born 1931) Joan Berkowitz is a chemist and environmental consultant. She uses her command of chemistry to help solve problems with pollution and industrial waste. Carolyn Bertozzi - (USA, born 1966) Carolyn Bertozzi has helped design artificial bones that are less likely to cause reactions or lead to rejection than their predecessors. She has helped create contact lenses that are better-tolerated by the cornea of the eye. Hazel Bishop - (USA, 1906–1998) Hazel Bishop is the inventor of smear-proof lipstick. In 1971, Hazel Bishop became the first female member of the Chemists’ Club in New York. Corale Brierley Stephanie Burns Mary Letitia Caldwell Emma Perry Carr - (USA, 1880–1972) Emma Carr helped to make Mount Holyoke, a womens college, into a chemistry research center. She offered undergraduate students the opportunity to conduct their own original resarch. Uma Chowdhry Pamela Clark Mildred Cohn Gerty Theresa Cori Shirley O. Corriher Erika Cremer Marie Curie - Marie Curie pioneered radioactivity research. She was the first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person to win the award in two different sciences (Linus Pauling won Chemistry and Peace). She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Marie Curie was the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Irà ©ne Joliot-Curie - Irà ©ne Joliot-Curie was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for synthesis of new radioactive elements. The prize was shared jointly with her husband Jean Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot. Marie Daly - (USA, 1921–2003) In 1947, Marie Daly became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry. The majority of her career was spent as a college professor. In addition to her research, she developed programs to attract and aid minority students in medical and graduate school. Kathryn Hach Darrow Cecile Hoover Edwards Gertrude Belle Elion Gladys L. A. Emerson Mary Fieser Edith Flanigen - (USA, born 1929) In the 1960s, Edith Flanigen invented a process for making synthetic emeralds. In addition to their use for making beautiful jewelry, the perfect emeralds made it possible to make powerful microwave lasers. In 1992, Flanigen received the first Perkin Medal ever awarded to a woman, for her work synthesizing zeolites. Linda K. Ford Rosalind Franklin - (Great Britain, 1920–1958) Rosalind Franklin used x-ray crystallography to see the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick used her data to propose the double-stranded helical structure of the DNA molecule. The Nobel Prize could only be awarded to living persons, so she could not be included when Watson and Crick were formally recognized with the 1962 Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology. She also used x-ray crystallography to study the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus. Helen M. Free Dianne D. Gates-Anderson Mary Lowe Good Barbara Grant Alice Hamilton - (USA, 1869–1970) Alice Hamilton was a chemist and physician who directed the first governmental commission to investigate industrial hazards in the workplace, such as exposure to dangerous chemicals. Because of her work, laws were passed to protect employees from occupational hazards. In 1919 she became the first female faculty member of Harvard Medical School. Anna Harrison Gladys Hobby Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin - Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin (Great Britain) was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for using x-rays to determine the structure of biologically important molecules. Darleane Hoffman M. Katharine Holloway - (USA, born 1957) M. Katharine Holloway and Chen Zhao are two of the chemists who developed protease inhibitors to inactivate the HIV virus, greatly extending the lives of AIDS patients. Linda L. Huff Allene Rosalind Jeanes Mae Jemison - (USA, born 1956) Mae Jemison is a retired medical doctor and American astronaut. In 1992, she became the first black woman in space. She holds a degree in chemical engineering from Stanford and a degree in medicine from Cornell. She remains very active in science and technology. Fran Keeth Laura Kiessling Reatha Clark King Judith Klinman Stephanie Kwolek Marie-Anne Lavoisier - (France, circa 1780) Lavoisiers wife was his colleague. She translated documents from English for him and prepared sketches and engravings of laboratory instruments. She hosted parties at which prominent scientists could discuss chemistry and other scientific ideas. Rachel Lloyd Shannon Lucid - (USA, born 1943) Shannon Lucid as an American biochemist and US astronaut. For a while, she held the American record for the most time in space. She studies the effects of space on human health, often using her own body as a test subject. Mary Lyon - (USA, 1797–1849) Mary Lyon founded Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, one of the first womens colleges. At the time, most colleges taught chemistry as a lecture-only class. Lyon made lab exercises and experiments an integral part of undergraduate chemistry education. Her method became popular. Most modern chemistry classes include a lab component. Lena Qiying Ma Jane Marcet Lise Meitner  - Lise Meitner (November 17, 1878 – October 27, 1968) was an Austrian/Swedish physicist who studied radioactivity and nuclear physics. She was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, for which Otto Hahn received a Nobel Prize. Maud Menten Marie Meurdrac Helen Vaughn Michel Amalie Emmy Noether  - (born in Germany, 1882-1935) Emmy Noether was a mathematician, not a chemist, but her mathematical description of the conservation laws for energy, angular momentum, and linear momentum has been invaluable in spectroscopy and other branches of chemistry. She is responsible for Noethers theorem in theoretical physics, the Lasker–Noether theorem in commutative algebra, the concept of Noetherian rings, and was co-founder of the theory of central simple algebras. Ida Tacke Noddack Mary Engle Pennington Elsa Reichmanis Ellen Swallow Richards Jane S. Richardson  - (USA, born 1941) Jane Richardson, a biochemistry professor at Duke University, is best-known for her hand-drawn and computer-generated portaits of proteins. The graphics help scientists understand how proteins are made and how they function. Janet Rideout Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau Florence Seibert Melissa Sherman Maxine Singer  - (USA, born 1931) Maxine Singer specializes in recombinant DNA technology. She studies how disease-causing genes jump within DNA. She helped formulate the NIHs ethical guidelines for genetic engineering. Barbara Sitzman Susan Solomon Kathleen Taylor Susan S. Taylor Martha Jane Bergin Thomas Margaret E. M. Tolbert Rosalyn Yalow Chen Zhao  - (born 1956) M. Katharine Holloway and Chen Zhao are two of the chemists who developed protease inhibitors to inactivate the HIV virus, greatly extending the lives of AIDS patients.